Edward Jenner

Edward Jenner FRS FRCPE
Born	17 May 1749 (1749-05-17) Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England
Died	26 January 1823(1823-01-26) (aged 73) Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England
Alma mater	St George's, University of London University of St Andrews
Known for	Vaccination Smallpox vaccine
Spouse	Catherine Kingscope ​ ​ (m. 1788; died 1815)​
Children	3
Scientific career
Fields	Medicine/surgery, natural history
Academic advisors	John Hunter

Edward Jenner FRS FRCPE^[1] (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.^[2][3] The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.^[4]

In the West, Jenner is often called "the father of immunology",^[5] and his work is said to have saved "more lives than any other man".^{[6]: 100 [7]} In Jenner's time, smallpox killed around 10% of the global population, with the number as high as 20% in towns and cities where infection spread more easily.^[7] In 1821, he was appointed physician to King George IV, and was also made mayor of Berkeley and justice of the peace. He was a member of the Royal Society. In the field of zoology, he was among the first modern scholars to describe the brood parasitism of the cuckoo (Aristotle also noted this behaviour in his History of Animals). In 2002, Jenner was named in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons.